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I often look at project/document management software. In the traditional Microsoft world MS Project is not much more than a Gantt chart, Microsoft would like you to use Sharepoint for document management and collaboration. I am no fan of Microsoft and certainly no fan of Sharepoint, the licensing can be expensive and confusing and I believe there are better solutions available.
There are many project management solutions available including web based and open source software. Many of the project management solutions will include some element of document management (check in/check out, version control etc) but this functionality maybe basic and if it is a serious document management solution that is required I would recommend looking at specific document management software.
Web based solutions
At the low and free end Microsoft offer Office Live and Office Live Workspaces, not really project management but it has a task list and the although Office Live Workspaces doesn’t offer offline collaboration it does offer documents to be “checked out” and “checked in,” for editing locally using Microsoft Office but the service does integrate with MS SharedView for real-time screen sharing. Office Live Workspace keeps track of older versions of files and you can use the web interface of either to roll back to a previous copy.

More links to project management software:
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Formerly called OpenGoo – open source web based office software including project management
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Open source Gantt chart software similar to Microsoft Project
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Basecamp Web Based Project Management Software from 37 signals
You can also add RationalPlan to your list of project management software:
http://www.rationalplan.com/
It is a project management software running on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
I’d definitely add Wrike to the list. It has a full set of functions that are necessary for effective project management